The programmable functions of CNC machine tools are divided into two categories: one is used to implement tool path control, that is, the movement of each feed axis, such as linear/circular interpolation, feed control, coordinate system origin offset and transformation, and size unit setting. Such functions as setting, tool offset and compensation, etc. are called preparation functions, which are composed of letter G and two digits, also called G code. Another type of function is called an auxiliary function, which is used to complete functions such as program execution control, spindle control, tool control, and auxiliary equipment control. Among these auxiliary functions, Tx x is used for tool selection, and Sx x x x is used to control the spindle speed. Other functions are realized by M code composed of letter M and two digits.

 

1. Commonly used G code functions

 

G00 positioning (fast moving)

G01 linear interpolation (feed rate)

G02 Clockwise circular interpolation

G03 counterclockwise circular interpolation

G04 pause, precise stop

G09 exact stop

G17 select X Y plane

G18 select Z X plane

G19 select Y Z plane

G27 Return and check the reference point

G28 Return to reference point

G29 return from reference point

G30 Return to the second reference point

G40 cancel tool radius compensation

G41 left tool radius compensation

G42 Right tool radius compensation

G43 Tool length compensation＋

G44 Tool length compensation－

G49 cancel tool length compensation

G52 Set local coordinate system

G53 select machine coordinate system

G54 selects No. 1 workpiece coordinate system

G55 selects No. 2 workpiece coordinate system

G56 selects No. 3 workpiece coordinate system

G57 chooses No. 4 workpiece coordinate system

G58 selects No. 5 workpiece coordinate system

G59 chooses the 6th workpiece coordinate system

G60 single direction positioning

G61 precise stop method

G64 cutting method

G65 Macro program call

G66 modal macro program call

G67 modal macro program call cancel

G73 Deep hole drilling fixed cycle

G74 Counter-thread tapping fixed cycle

G76 fine boring fixed cycle

G80 cancel fixed cycle

G81 Drilling fixed cycle

G82 Drilling fixed cycle

G83 Deep hole drilling fixed cycle

G84 tapping fixed cycle

G85 Boring fixed cycle

G86 boring canned cycle

G87 Back boring fixed cycle

G88 boring canned cycle

G89 Boring fixed cycle

G90 absolute value command mode

G91 Incremental value command mode

G92 Workpiece zero setting

G98 Fixed cycle return to initial point

G99 fixed cycle return to point R

 

2. Common M code functions

 

M00 program pause

M01 Conditional program stop

M02 End of program

M03 Spindle forward

M04 Spindle reverse

M05 Spindle stop

M06 Tool exchange

M08 cooling on

M09 cooling off

M18 Spindle orientation cancel

M19 spindle orientation

M29 rigid tapping

M30 program ends and returns to program header

M98 call subroutine

M99 Subroutine end return/repeat execution

 

3. Commonly used arithmetic

 

Addition: #i=#j+#k

Subtraction: #i=#j-#k

Multiplication: #i=#j*#k

Division: #i=#j/#k

Sine: #i=SIN[#j]

Arc sine: #i=ASIN[#j]

Cosine: #i=COS[#j]

Inverse cosine: #i=ACOS[#j]

Tangent: #i=TAN[#j]

Arctangent: #i=ATAN[#j]

Square root: #i＝SQRT[#j]

Absolute value: #i＝ABS[#j]

Rounding: #i＝ROUND[#j]

Round up: #i＝FIX[#j]

Round down: #i＝FUP[#j]

Natural logarithm: #i＝LN[#j]

Exponential function: #i＝EXP[#j]

Or: #i＝#jOR#k

XOR: #i＝#jXOR#k

With: #i＝#AND#k

From BCD to BIN: #i＝BIN[#j]

Convert from BIN to BCD: #i＝BCD[#j]

 

4. Logical operators

 

EQ: equal to

NE: not equal

GT: greater than

GE: greater than or equal to

LT: less than

LE: less than or equal to

 

5. Program transfer and circulation

 

Unconditional transfer: GOTO

Conditional transfer: IF [conditional expression]

IF [conditional expression] GOTO n, if the condition is met, jump to block n

IF [conditional expression] THEN, such as: IF [#I=#J] THEN #K=0

 

6. Loop statement

 

WHILE [Conditional Expression] Dom (m=1,2,,3)

…

ENDm

If the condition is satisfied, the program between Dom and ENDm is executed (until the condition is not satisfied), otherwise the program after ENDm is executed instead.